The article titled "Rapid restoration of cognition in Alzheimer's transgenic mice with 8-hydroxyquinoline analogs" is associated with decreased interstitial Abeta" appears in the current edition of the prestigious scientific journal Neuron, and can be viewed online.

The key findings reported are:

PBT2 profoundly and rapidly improved cognition in transgenic mice. PBT2 prevented the formation of soluble Abeta oligomers, the form of Abeta believed to be the most toxic. PBT2 substantially reduced the amount of all forms of Abeta in the transgenic mouse brain, over a nine week period. PBT2, within hours of oral administration, significantly lowered soluble (interstitial) Abeta in the brain, sampled using in vivo microdialysis. Using a well established model for memory formation, PBT2 protected neurons in living brain tissue from the toxic effects of Abeta which impairs the signaling between neurons in Alzheimer's disease.

"The Alzheimer's field is eagerly awaiting the results of several clinical trials of therapies aimed at the toxic amyloid beta protein. Prana's PBT2 is uniquely positioned as an oral drug that neutralizes the toxicity of the amyloid beta protein and clears it from the brain. The positive findings in Alzheimer's mouse models along with the encouraging results from the phase II clinical trial of PBT2 greatly strengthen my belief that this drug will ultimately be shown to slow down disease progress in Alzheimer's patients," commented Dr. Rudolph Tanzi, Professor of Neurology at Harvard University, and Director of the Genetics and Aging Research Unit at MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

In their discussion, the authors explain that healthy brain function is dependent upon the tightly regulated movement of metals within and between neurons. They speculate that with aging this restraint may be loosened, rendering the brain vulnerable to oxidative stress and the pernicious effects of Abeta accumulation. In the article, multiple modes of action for PBT2 are proposed based on the drug's intrinsic ability to capture and transport metals in the brain. This property explains how PBT2:

inhibits the production of toxic free radicals and the formation of toxic "oligomeric" aggregates . promotes the solubilization and detoxification of Abeta aggregates and plaques transports metals into depleted neurons and thereby enhances the production of enzymes which break down Abeta, reducing its concentration in the brain.

The beneficial effects upon cognition are thus a net effect of the disaggregation of plaques, the detoxification of Abeta and enhanced removal of Abeta from the brain.

Associate Professor Robert Cherny, PhD, of the Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria (Australia), Head of Research of Prana Biotechnology Limited and a co-author on the paper, said "using in vivo microdialysis, we can monitor the effects of a drug on brain Abeta in real time in the conscious, freely-moving transgenic mouse. We can literally see the drug altering brain chemistry. The publication emphasises that the dramatic improvements in memory in mice seen with PBT2 are associated with reduction in this soluble (interstitial) Abeta."

Geoffrey Kempler, Chairman and CEO of Prana, noted that: "we are pleased that the research has been reported in Neuron, a highly regarded peer reviewed journal. Given this, together with the data from our recently completed Phase IIa trial (in press), we are very confident that our drug has the potential to be marketed as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Prana's approach is different to others because PBT2 targets toxic metal interactions in the brain."

The data will be presented at the 11th International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease (ICAD) in Chicago on July 29, 2008 by Associate Professor Robert Cherny describing key preclinical findings of PBT2 in a lecture entitled, "The 8-hydroxyquinoline analog PBT2 rapidly restores cognition and reduces soluble Abeta in Alzheimer's transgenic mice".

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